Как быстро узнать потери тепла с трубопровода?
Обычно на предприятиях, на таких специалистов, как главные энергетики, электрики и т. п. ложатся обязанности установить систему электрического обогрева. При этом мало из них кто имеет достаточно времени для расчета тепловых потерь с трубопровода, подбора необходимого оборудования для правильной работы системы. Для всего этого приходится обращаться в специализированные компании, даже для проведения предварительного теплотехнического расчета, платить за это определенные денежные средства, которые, как всегда, на предприятиях не хватает и редко кто из руководителей предприятий выделяет на это деньги, т. к. это не выгодно.
Ниже приводим таблицу зависимости разницы температур и диаметра трубопровода для определения предварительных тепловых потерь.
Толщина тепло- изоляции, мм |
Δt (0C) |
Диаметр трубопровода (дюймы / мм) |
|||||||||||||||
1/4 |
1/2 |
3/4 |
1 |
11/4 |
11/2 |
2 |
21/2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
||
14 мм |
21 мм |
27 мм |
34 мм |
42 мм |
48 мм |
60 мм |
76 мм |
89 мм |
114 мм |
168 мм |
219 мм |
273 мм |
324 мм |
356 мм |
406 мм |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
10 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
8.0 |
9.1 |
11.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
6.5 |
7.6 |
9.3 |
10.9 |
13.1 |
16.3 |
18.5 |
22.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
30 |
9.9 |
11.6 |
14.2 |
16.7 |
20.0 |
24.9 |
28.2 |
34.6 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
40 |
13.4 |
15.8 |
19.2 |
22.6 |
27.1 |
33.8 |
38.2 |
47.0 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
50 |
17.1 |
20.1 |
24.4 |
28.8 |
34.5 |
43.0 |
43.0 |
59.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
10 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5.9 |
6.6 |
8.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
5.1 |
5.9 |
7.0 |
8.2 |
9.7 |
12.0 |
13.5 |
16.5 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
30 |
7.7 |
9.0 |
10.8 |
12.5 |
14.9 |
18.3 |
20.6 |
25.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
40 |
10.5 |
12.2 |
14.6 |
17.0 |
20.2 |
24.9 |
27.9 |
34.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
50 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
18.6 |
21.6 |
25.5 |
31.6 |
35.5 |
43.3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
10 |
1.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
5.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
7.3 |
8.0 |
9.5 |
11.5 |
13.1 |
16.1 |
22.4 |
28.5 |
34.7 |
40.5 |
44.1 |
49.7 |
|
30 |
5.5 |
7.0 |
8.2 |
9.6 |
11.1 |
13.3 |
14.6 |
17.5 |
20.0 |
24.5 |
34.3 |
43.5 |
53.0 |
61.9 |
67.4 |
75.8 |
|
40 |
7.5 |
9.5 |
11.1 |
13.0 |
15.1 |
16.7 |
19.7 |
23.8 |
27.1 |
33.3 |
46.5 |
59.0 |
71.9 |
83.9 |
91.3 |
102.8 |
|
50 |
9.6 |
12.1 |
14.2 |
16.5 |
19.2 |
21.2 |
25.1 |
30.3 |
34.4 |
42.3 |
59.1 |
75.0 |
91.4 |
106.6 |
116.0 |
130.6 |
|
60 |
11.7 |
14.8 |
17.3 |
20.2 |
23.5 |
25.9 |
30.6 |
36.9 |
42.0 |
51.6 |
72.0 |
91.5 |
111.5 |
130.0 |
141.5 |
159.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
20 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
5.4 |
76.2 |
6.8 |
8.0 |
9.6 |
10.9 |
13.3 |
18.5 |
23.4 |
28.4 |
33.1 |
36.0 |
40.6 |
30 |
4.9 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
8.3 |
9.5 |
10.4 |
12.3 |
14.7 |
16.6 |
20.3 |
28.3 |
35.7 |
43.4 |
50.6 |
55.0 |
61.9 |
|
40 |
6.7 |
8.3 |
9.7 |
11.2 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
16.7 |
19.9 |
22.6 |
27.6 |
38.4 |
48.4 |
58.8 |
68.5 |
74.6 |
82.9 |
|
50 |
8.5 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
14.2 |
16.4 |
18.0 |
21.2 |
25.4 |
28.7 |
35.1 |
48.8 |
61.5 |
74.8 |
87.1 |
94.8 |
106.7 |
|
60 |
10.4 |
12.9 |
15.0 |
17.4 |
20.0 |
22.0 |
25.9 |
30.9 |
35.0 |
42.8 |
59.5 |
75.0 |
91.2 |
106.3 |
115.6 |
130.1 |
|
80 |
14.3 |
17.8 |
20.7 |
23.9 |
27.6 |
30.3 |
35.6 |
42.6 |
48.3 |
59.0 |
82.0 |
103.3 |
125.6 |
146.3 |
159.2 |
179.1 |
|
100 |
18.4 |
23.0 |
26.6 |
30.9 |
35.6 |
39.1 |
46.0 |
55.0 |
62.3 |
76.1 |
105.8 |
133.3 |
161.9 |
188.6 |
205.2 |
230.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
20 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.8 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
8.4 |
9.4 |
11.5 |
15.8 |
19.9 |
24.1 |
28.1 |
30.6 |
34.4 |
30 |
4.5 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
7.3 |
8.4 |
9.2 |
10.7 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
17.5 |
21.2 |
30.4 |
36.9 |
42.9 |
46.7 |
52.5 |
|
40 |
6.1 |
7.5 |
8.7 |
10.0 |
11.4 |
12.5 |
14.6 |
17.3 |
19.6 |
23.8 |
32.8 |
41.2 |
50.0 |
58.2 |
63.3 |
71.2 |
|
50 |
7.7 |
9.6 |
11.0 |
12.7 |
14.5 |
15.9 |
18.5 |
22.0 |
24.9 |
30.2 |
41.7 |
52.4 |
63.6 |
74.0 |
80.4 |
90.5 |
|
60 |
9.5 |
11.7 |
13.4 |
15.5 |
17.7 |
19.4 |
22.6 |
26.9 |
30.3 |
36.9 |
50.9 |
63.9 |
77.5 |
90.2 |
98.1 |
110.4 |
|
80 |
13.0 |
16.1 |
18.5 |
21.3 |
24.4 |
26.7 |
31.2 |
37.1 |
41.8 |
50.8 |
70.1 |
88.1 |
106.8 |
124.2 |
135.1 |
151.9 |
|
100 |
16.8 |
20.7 |
23.9 |
27.5 |
31.5 |
34.4 |
40.2 |
47.8 |
53.9 |
65.5 |
90.5 |
113.6 |
137.7 |
160.2 |
174.2 |
195.8 |
|
120 |
20.8 |
25.7 |
29.6 |
34.0 |
39.0 |
42.6 |
49.8 |
59.2 |
66.7 |
81.1 |
112.0 |
140.5 |
170.3 |
198.1 |
215.2 |
242.1 |
|
140 |
25.0 |
30.8 |
35.6 |
40.9 |
46.8 |
51.2 |
59.8 |
71.1 |
80.2 |
97.4 |
134.5 |
168.8 |
204.6 |
237.9 |
258.6 |
290.7 |
|
160 |
29.4 |
36.3 |
48.8 |
48.1 |
55.1 |
60.2 |
70.4 |
83.7 |
94.4 |
114.6 |
158.2 |
198.5 |
240.5 |
279.7 |
304.0 |
341.6 |
|
180 |
34.1 |
42.0 |
48.4 |
55.7 |
68.3 |
69.7 |
81.4 |
96.8 |
109.2 |
132.6 |
183.0 |
229.6 |
278.2 |
323.4 |
3515 |
394.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
20 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
9.1 |
12.5 |
15.5 |
18.8 |
21.8 |
23.7 |
26.6 |
30 |
3.9 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
6.2 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
8.8 |
10.4 |
11.6 |
14.0 |
19.0 |
23.7 |
28.6 |
33.2 |
36.1 |
40.5 |
|
40 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
8.4 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
11.9 |
14.0 |
15.7 |
18.9 |
25.8 |
32.2 |
38.8 |
45.1 |
49.0 |
55.0 |
|
50 |
6.3 |
8.2 |
9.4 |
10.7 |
12.1 |
13.1 |
15.2 |
17.9 |
20.0 |
24.1 |
32.8 |
40.9 |
49.4 |
57.3 |
62.2 |
69.9 |
|
60 |
8.3 |
10.0 |
11.4 |
13.0 |
14.7 |
16.0 |
18.5 |
21.8 |
24.4 |
29.4 |
40.1 |
49.9 |
60.3 |
69.9 |
75.9 |
85.3 |
|
80 |
11.4 |
13.8 |
15.7 |
17.9 |
20.3 |
22.1 |
25.5 |
30.0 |
33.6 |
40.5 |
55.2 |
68.8 |
83.0 |
96.3 |
104.6 |
117.4 |
|
90 |
13.0 |
15.8 |
18.0 |
20.5 |
23.2 |
25.2 |
29.2 |
34.3 |
38.5 |
46.3 |
63.1 |
78.6 |
94.9 |
110.0 |
119.5 |
134.2 |
|
100 |
14.7 |
17.8 |
20.3 |
23.1 |
26.2 |
28.5 |
32.9 |
38.8 |
43.4 |
52.2 |
71.2 |
88.7 |
107.0 |
124.2 |
1349 |
151.4 |
|
120 |
18.2 |
22.1 |
25.1 |
28.6 |
32.4 |
35.2 |
40.8 |
48.8 |
53.7 |
64.6 |
88.1 |
109.7 |
132.4 |
153.6 |
166.8 |
187.2 |
|
140 |
21.9 |
26.5 |
30.2 |
34.4 |
39.0 |
42.4 |
49.0 |
57.6 |
64.6 |
77.7 |
105.8 |
131.9 |
159.1 |
184.5 |
200.4 |
224.9 |
|
160 |
25.8 |
31.2 |
35.6 |
40.5 |
45.9 |
49.8 |
57.6 |
67.8 |
76.0 |
91.4 |
124.5 |
155.1 |
187.1 |
217.0 |
235.6 |
264.4 |
|
180 |
29.8 |
36.1 |
41.2 |
46.8 |
53.1 |
57.7 |
66.7 |
78.5 |
87.9 |
105.7 |
144.0 |
179.4 |
216.4 |
250.9 |
272.4 |
305.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
20 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
7.7 |
10.4 |
12.9 |
15.5 |
17.9 |
19.4 |
21.8 |
30 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
6.6 |
7.6 |
8.9 |
9.9 |
11.8 |
15.9 |
19.4 |
23.7 |
27.4 |
29.7 |
33.3 |
|
40 |
4.8 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
10.3 |
12.0 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
21.6 |
26.7 |
32.1 |
37.1 |
40.3 |
54.1 |
|
50 |
6.2 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
9.4 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
13.1 |
15.3 |
17.1 |
20.4 |
27.4 |
32.0 |
40.8 |
47.2 |
51.2 |
57.4 |
|
60 |
7.5 |
9.0 |
10.2 |
11.5 |
12.9 |
14.0 |
16.0 |
18.7 |
20.8 |
24.8 |
33.5 |
41.4 |
49.8 |
57.6 |
62.5 |
70.0 |
|
80 |
10.3 |
12.4 |
14.0 |
18.8 |
17.8 |
19.2 |
22.1 |
25.7 |
28.7 |
34.2 |
46.1 |
57.1 |
68.6 |
79.3 |
86.0 |
96.4 |
|
100 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
18.1 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
28.4 |
28.5 |
33.2 |
37.0 |
44.2 |
59.5 |
73.6 |
88.4 |
102.3 |
110.9 |
124.3 |
|
120 |
16.5 |
19.8 |
22.4 |
25.2 |
28.4 |
30.7 |
35.2 |
41.1 |
45.8 |
56.4 |
73.6 |
91.1 |
109.4 |
126.5 |
137.2 |
153.8 |
|
140 |
19.9 |
23.8 |
26.8 |
30.3 |
34.1 |
36.9 |
42.4 |
49.4 |
55.0 |
65.7 |
88.5 |
109.5 |
131.5 |
152.0 |
164.9 |
184.7 |
|
160 |
23.4 |
28.0 |
31.6 |
35.7 |
40.2 |
43.4 |
49.8 |
58.1 |
64.7 |
77.3 |
104.0 |
128.8 |
154.6 |
178.8 |
193.9 |
217.2 |
|
180 |
27.1 |
32.4 |
36.6 |
41.3 |
46.5 |
50.3 |
57.7 |
67.3 |
74.9 |
89.4 |
120.4 |
149.0 |
178.9 |
206.8 |
224.2 |
251.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
20 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
6.8 |
9.0 |
11.1 |
13.3 |
15.3 |
16.6 |
18.6 |
30 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
6.8 |
7.9 |
8.7 |
10.4 |
13.8 |
17.0 |
20.3 |
23.4 |
25.6 |
28.4 |
|
40 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.5 |
8.1 |
9.2 |
10.7 |
11.8 |
14.1 |
18.7 |
23.0 |
27.5 |
31.8 |
34.4 |
38.5 |
|
50 |
5.7 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
8.5 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
11.7 |
13.6 |
15.1 |
17.9 |
23.8 |
29.3 |
35.0 |
40.4 |
43.7 |
49.0 |
|
60 |
7.0 |
8.3 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
11.6 |
12.5 |
14.3 |
16.6 |
18.4 |
21.8 |
29.0 |
35.7 |
42.7 |
49.3 |
53.4 |
59.7 |
|
80 |
9.6 |
11.4 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
16.1 |
17.3 |
19.7 |
22.8 |
25.3 |
30.1 |
40.0 |
49.2 |
58.9 |
67.9 |
73.5 |
82.3 |
|
100 |
12.4 |
14.7 |
16.5 |
18.5 |
20.7 |
22.3 |
25.4 |
29.5 |
32.7 |
38.8 |
51.6 |
63.5 |
75.9 |
87.6 |
94.8 |
106.1 |
|
120 |
15.3 |
18.2 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
25.6 |
27.6 |
31.5 |
36.5 |
40.4 |
48.0 |
63.9 |
78.6 |
94.0 |
108.3 |
117.3 |
131.2 |
|
140 |
18.5 |
21.9 |
24.6 |
27.6 |
30.8 |
33.2 |
37.8 |
43.8 |
48.6 |
57.7 |
76.7 |
94.4 |
112.9 |
130.2 |
141.0 |
157.7 |
|
160 |
21.7 |
25.7 |
28.9 |
32.4 |
36.3 |
39.1 |
44.5 |
51.6 |
57.2 |
67.9 |
90.3 |
111.1 |
132.8 |
153.1 |
165.8 |
185.4 |
|
180 |
25.1 |
29.8 |
33.5 |
37.5 |
42.0 |
45.2 |
51.5 |
59.7 |
66.1 |
78.5 |
104.5 |
128.5 |
153.6 |
172.1 |
191.7 |
214.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
20 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
7.3 |
8.9 |
10.5 |
12.1 |
13.0 |
14.6 |
30 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.7 |
6.6 |
7.3 |
8.5 |
11.1 |
13.5 |
16.1 |
18.4 |
19.9 |
22.2 |
|
40 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
6.9 |
7.8 |
8.9 |
9.8 |
11.5 |
15.1 |
18.4 |
21.8 |
25.0 |
27.0 |
30.1 |
|
60 |
6.3 |
7.3 |
8.1 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
10.7 |
12.1 |
13.9 |
15.3 |
17.9 |
23.4 |
28.5 |
33.8 |
38.8 |
41.9 |
46.8 |
|
80 |
8.6 |
10.1 |
11.2 |
12.5 |
13.8 |
14.8 |
16.7 |
19.1 |
21.0 |
24.7 |
32.3 |
39.3 |
46.6 |
53.5 |
57.8 |
64.4 |
|
100 |
11.1 |
13.0 |
14.5 |
16.1 |
17.8 |
19.1 |
21.5 |
24.7 |
27.2 |
31.8 |
41.6 |
50.7 |
60.2 |
69.0 |
74.5 |
93.1 |
|
120 |
13.8 |
16.1 |
17.9 |
19.9 |
22.0 |
23.6 |
26.6 |
30.5 |
33.6 |
39.4 |
51.5 |
62.7 |
74.4 |
85.4 |
92.2 |
102.8 |
|
140 |
16.5 |
19.3 |
21.5 |
23.9 |
26.5 |
28.4 |
32.0 |
36.7 |
40.4 |
47.4 |
61.9 |
75.4 |
89.5 |
102.6 |
110.8 |
123.5 |
|
160 |
19.5 |
22.8 |
25.3 |
28.1 |
31.2 |
33.4 |
37.2 |
43.2 |
47.5 |
55.7 |
72.9 |
88.7 |
105.2 |
120.7 |
130.3 |
145.2 |
|
180 |
22.5 |
26.3 |
29.3 |
32.6 |
36.1 |
38.6 |
43.6 |
50.0 |
55.0 |
64.5 |
84.3 |
102.6 |
121.7 |
139.6 |
150.7 |
160.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
20 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
6.6 |
7.9 |
9.4 |
10.7 |
11.5 |
12.8 |
30 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
7.8 |
10.0 |
12.1 |
14.3 |
16.3 |
17.6 |
19.5 |
|
40 |
3.9 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
13.6 |
16.5 |
19.4 |
22.1 |
23.8 |
26.5 |
|
60 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
9.5 |
10.1 |
11.3 |
12.9 |
14.1 |
16.4 |
21.2 |
25.5 |
30.1 |
34.3 |
37.0 |
41.1 |
|
80 |
8.4 |
9.8 |
10.8 |
11.9 |
13.1 |
14.0 |
15.6 |
17.8 |
19.5 |
22.6 |
29.1 |
35.2 |
41.5 |
47.3 |
51.0 |
56.6 |
|
100 |
10.9 |
12.6 |
13.9 |
15.4 |
16.9 |
18.0 |
20.2 |
22.9 |
25.1 |
29.2 |
37.6 |
45.4 |
53.5 |
61.0 |
65.8 |
73.1 |
|
120 |
13.4 |
15.6 |
17.2 |
19.0 |
20.9 |
22.3 |
25.0 |
28.4 |
31.1 |
36.1 |
46.5 |
56.2 |
66.2 |
75.5 |
81.4 |
90.4 |
|
140 |
16.2 |
18.7 |
20.7 |
22.2 |
25.2 |
26.8 |
30.0 |
34.1 |
37.3 |
43.4 |
55.9 |
67.5 |
79.5 |
90.8 |
97.8 |
108.6 |
|
160 |
19.0 |
22.0 |
24.4 |
26.9 |
29.6 |
31.6 |
35.3 |
40.1 |
43.9 |
51.0 |
65.8 |
79.4 |
93.6 |
106.8 |
115.0 |
127.8 |
|
180 |
22.0 |
25.5 |
28.2 |
31.1 |
34.3 |
36.5 |
40.9 |
46.5 |
50.8 |
59.1 |
70.2 |
91.9 |
108.3 |
123.5 |
133.1 |
147.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
20 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9.3 |
30 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
7.7 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
12.0 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
|
40 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
10.4 |
12.4 |
14.4 |
16.3 |
17.4 |
19.3 |
|
60 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
11.3 |
12.9 |
16.2 |
19.2 |
22.4 |
25.3 |
27.1 |
29.9 |
|
80 |
7.4 |
8.4 |
9.2 |
10.0 |
10.9 |
11.6 |
12.8 |
14.3 |
15.5 |
17.8 |
22.3 |
26.5 |
30.8 |
34.8 |
37.3 |
41.2 |
|
100 |
9.5 |
10.9 |
11.9 |
13.0 |
14.1 |
14.9 |
16.5 |
18.5 |
20.1 |
22.9 |
28.8 |
34.2 |
39.7 |
44.9 |
48.1 |
53.1 |
|
120 |
11.8 |
13.5 |
14.7 |
16.0 |
17.5 |
18.5 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
24.8 |
28.4 |
35.7 |
42.3 |
49.2 |
55.6 |
59.5 |
65.7 |
|
140 |
14.2 |
16.2 |
17.7 |
19.3 |
21.0 |
22.2 |
24.6 |
27.5 |
29.8 |
34.1 |
42.9 |
50.9 |
59.1 |
66.8 |
71.6 |
79.0 |
|
160 |
16.7 |
19.0 |
20.8 |
22.7 |
24.7 |
26.2 |
28.9 |
32.4 |
35.1 |
40.1 |
50.5 |
59.8 |
69.5 |
78.8 |
84.2 |
92.9 |
|
180 |
19.3 |
22.0 |
24.1 |
26.3 |
28.6 |
30.3 |
33.5 |
37.5 |
40.6 |
46.4 |
58.4 |
69.2 |
80.5 |
90.9 |
97.4 |
107.5 |
Обычно на предприятиях, на таких специалистов, как главные энергетики, электрики и т. п. ложатся обязанности установить систему электрического обогрева. При этом мало из них кто имеет достаточно времени для расчета тепловых потерь с трубопровода, подбора необходимого оборудования для правильной работы системы. Для всего этого приходится обращаться в специализированные компании, даже для проведения предварительного теплотехнического расчета, платить за это определенные денежные средства, которые, как всегда, на предприятиях не хватает и редко кто из руководителей предприятий выделяет на это деньги, т. к. это не выгодно.
Ниже приводим таблицу зависимости разницы температур и диаметра трубопровода для определения предварительных тепловых потерь.
Толщина тепло- изоляции, мм |
Δt (0C) |
Диаметр трубопровода (дюймы / мм) |
|||||||||||||||
1/4 |
1/2 |
3/4 |
1 |
11/4 |
11/2 |
2 |
21/2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
||
14 мм |
21 мм |
27 мм |
34 мм |
42 мм |
48 мм |
60 мм |
76 мм |
89 мм |
114 мм |
168 мм |
219 мм |
273 мм |
324 мм |
356 мм |
406 мм |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
10 |
3.2 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
8.0 |
9.1 |
11.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
6.5 |
7.6 |
9.3 |
10.9 |
13.1 |
16.3 |
18.5 |
22.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
30 |
9.9 |
11.6 |
14.2 |
16.7 |
20.0 |
24.9 |
28.2 |
34.6 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
40 |
13.4 |
15.8 |
19.2 |
22.6 |
27.1 |
33.8 |
38.2 |
47.0 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
50 |
17.1 |
20.1 |
24.4 |
28.8 |
34.5 |
43.0 |
43.0 |
59.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
10 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5.9 |
6.6 |
8.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
5.1 |
5.9 |
7.0 |
8.2 |
9.7 |
12.0 |
13.5 |
16.5 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
30 |
7.7 |
9.0 |
10.8 |
12.5 |
14.9 |
18.3 |
20.6 |
25.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
40 |
10.5 |
12.2 |
14.6 |
17.0 |
20.2 |
24.9 |
27.9 |
34.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
50 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
18.6 |
21.6 |
25.5 |
31.6 |
35.5 |
43.3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
10 |
1.8 |
2.3 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
5.7 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
20 |
3.6 |
4.6 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
7.3 |
8.0 |
9.5 |
11.5 |
13.1 |
16.1 |
22.4 |
28.5 |
34.7 |
40.5 |
44.1 |
49.7 |
|
30 |
5.5 |
7.0 |
8.2 |
9.6 |
11.1 |
13.3 |
14.6 |
17.5 |
20.0 |
24.5 |
34.3 |
43.5 |
53.0 |
61.9 |
67.4 |
75.8 |
|
40 |
7.5 |
9.5 |
11.1 |
13.0 |
15.1 |
16.7 |
19.7 |
23.8 |
27.1 |
33.3 |
46.5 |
59.0 |
71.9 |
83.9 |
91.3 |
102.8 |
|
50 |
9.6 |
12.1 |
14.2 |
16.5 |
19.2 |
21.2 |
25.1 |
30.3 |
34.4 |
42.3 |
59.1 |
75.0 |
91.4 |
106.6 |
116.0 |
130.6 |
|
60 |
11.7 |
14.8 |
17.3 |
20.2 |
23.5 |
25.9 |
30.6 |
36.9 |
42.0 |
51.6 |
72.0 |
91.5 |
111.5 |
130.0 |
141.5 |
159.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
20 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
5.4 |
76.2 |
6.8 |
8.0 |
9.6 |
10.9 |
13.3 |
18.5 |
23.4 |
28.4 |
33.1 |
36.0 |
40.6 |
30 |
4.9 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
8.3 |
9.5 |
10.4 |
12.3 |
14.7 |
16.6 |
20.3 |
28.3 |
35.7 |
43.4 |
50.6 |
55.0 |
61.9 |
|
40 |
6.7 |
8.3 |
9.7 |
11.2 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
16.7 |
19.9 |
22.6 |
27.6 |
38.4 |
48.4 |
58.8 |
68.5 |
74.6 |
82.9 |
|
50 |
8.5 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
14.2 |
16.4 |
18.0 |
21.2 |
25.4 |
28.7 |
35.1 |
48.8 |
61.5 |
74.8 |
87.1 |
94.8 |
106.7 |
|
60 |
10.4 |
12.9 |
15.0 |
17.4 |
20.0 |
22.0 |
25.9 |
30.9 |
35.0 |
42.8 |
59.5 |
75.0 |
91.2 |
106.3 |
115.6 |
130.1 |
|
80 |
14.3 |
17.8 |
20.7 |
23.9 |
27.6 |
30.3 |
35.6 |
42.6 |
48.3 |
59.0 |
82.0 |
103.3 |
125.6 |
146.3 |
159.2 |
179.1 |
|
100 |
18.4 |
23.0 |
26.6 |
30.9 |
35.6 |
39.1 |
46.0 |
55.0 |
62.3 |
76.1 |
105.8 |
133.3 |
161.9 |
188.6 |
205.2 |
230.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
20 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
4.2 |
4.8 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
8.4 |
9.4 |
11.5 |
15.8 |
19.9 |
24.1 |
28.1 |
30.6 |
34.4 |
30 |
4.5 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
7.3 |
8.4 |
9.2 |
10.7 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
17.5 |
21.2 |
30.4 |
36.9 |
42.9 |
46.7 |
52.5 |
|
40 |
6.1 |
7.5 |
8.7 |
10.0 |
11.4 |
12.5 |
14.6 |
17.3 |
19.6 |
23.8 |
32.8 |
41.2 |
50.0 |
58.2 |
63.3 |
71.2 |
|
50 |
7.7 |
9.6 |
11.0 |
12.7 |
14.5 |
15.9 |
18.5 |
22.0 |
24.9 |
30.2 |
41.7 |
52.4 |
63.6 |
74.0 |
80.4 |
90.5 |
|
60 |
9.5 |
11.7 |
13.4 |
15.5 |
17.7 |
19.4 |
22.6 |
26.9 |
30.3 |
36.9 |
50.9 |
63.9 |
77.5 |
90.2 |
98.1 |
110.4 |
|
80 |
13.0 |
16.1 |
18.5 |
21.3 |
24.4 |
26.7 |
31.2 |
37.1 |
41.8 |
50.8 |
70.1 |
88.1 |
106.8 |
124.2 |
135.1 |
151.9 |
|
100 |
16.8 |
20.7 |
23.9 |
27.5 |
31.5 |
34.4 |
40.2 |
47.8 |
53.9 |
65.5 |
90.5 |
113.6 |
137.7 |
160.2 |
174.2 |
195.8 |
|
120 |
20.8 |
25.7 |
29.6 |
34.0 |
39.0 |
42.6 |
49.8 |
59.2 |
66.7 |
81.1 |
112.0 |
140.5 |
170.3 |
198.1 |
215.2 |
242.1 |
|
140 |
25.0 |
30.8 |
35.6 |
40.9 |
46.8 |
51.2 |
59.8 |
71.1 |
80.2 |
97.4 |
134.5 |
168.8 |
204.6 |
237.9 |
258.6 |
290.7 |
|
160 |
29.4 |
36.3 |
48.8 |
48.1 |
55.1 |
60.2 |
70.4 |
83.7 |
94.4 |
114.6 |
158.2 |
198.5 |
240.5 |
279.7 |
304.0 |
341.6 |
|
180 |
34.1 |
42.0 |
48.4 |
55.7 |
68.3 |
69.7 |
81.4 |
96.8 |
109.2 |
132.6 |
183.0 |
229.6 |
278.2 |
323.4 |
3515 |
394.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
20 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
9.1 |
12.5 |
15.5 |
18.8 |
21.8 |
23.7 |
26.6 |
30 |
3.9 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
6.2 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
8.8 |
10.4 |
11.6 |
14.0 |
19.0 |
23.7 |
28.6 |
33.2 |
36.1 |
40.5 |
|
40 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
8.4 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
11.9 |
14.0 |
15.7 |
18.9 |
25.8 |
32.2 |
38.8 |
45.1 |
49.0 |
55.0 |
|
50 |
6.3 |
8.2 |
9.4 |
10.7 |
12.1 |
13.1 |
15.2 |
17.9 |
20.0 |
24.1 |
32.8 |
40.9 |
49.4 |
57.3 |
62.2 |
69.9 |
|
60 |
8.3 |
10.0 |
11.4 |
13.0 |
14.7 |
16.0 |
18.5 |
21.8 |
24.4 |
29.4 |
40.1 |
49.9 |
60.3 |
69.9 |
75.9 |
85.3 |
|
80 |
11.4 |
13.8 |
15.7 |
17.9 |
20.3 |
22.1 |
25.5 |
30.0 |
33.6 |
40.5 |
55.2 |
68.8 |
83.0 |
96.3 |
104.6 |
117.4 |
|
90 |
13.0 |
15.8 |
18.0 |
20.5 |
23.2 |
25.2 |
29.2 |
34.3 |
38.5 |
46.3 |
63.1 |
78.6 |
94.9 |
110.0 |
119.5 |
134.2 |
|
100 |
14.7 |
17.8 |
20.3 |
23.1 |
26.2 |
28.5 |
32.9 |
38.8 |
43.4 |
52.2 |
71.2 |
88.7 |
107.0 |
124.2 |
1349 |
151.4 |
|
120 |
18.2 |
22.1 |
25.1 |
28.6 |
32.4 |
35.2 |
40.8 |
48.8 |
53.7 |
64.6 |
88.1 |
109.7 |
132.4 |
153.6 |
166.8 |
187.2 |
|
140 |
21.9 |
26.5 |
30.2 |
34.4 |
39.0 |
42.4 |
49.0 |
57.6 |
64.6 |
77.7 |
105.8 |
131.9 |
159.1 |
184.5 |
200.4 |
224.9 |
|
160 |
25.8 |
31.2 |
35.6 |
40.5 |
45.9 |
49.8 |
57.6 |
67.8 |
76.0 |
91.4 |
124.5 |
155.1 |
187.1 |
217.0 |
235.6 |
264.4 |
|
180 |
29.8 |
36.1 |
41.2 |
46.8 |
53.1 |
57.7 |
66.7 |
78.5 |
87.9 |
105.7 |
144.0 |
179.4 |
216.4 |
250.9 |
272.4 |
305.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
20 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
4.3 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
7.7 |
10.4 |
12.9 |
15.5 |
17.9 |
19.4 |
21.8 |
30 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
6.6 |
7.6 |
8.9 |
9.9 |
11.8 |
15.9 |
19.4 |
23.7 |
27.4 |
29.7 |
33.3 |
|
40 |
4.8 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
9.0 |
10.3 |
12.0 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
21.6 |
26.7 |
32.1 |
37.1 |
40.3 |
54.1 |
|
50 |
6.2 |
7.4 |
8.3 |
9.4 |
10.6 |
11.4 |
13.1 |
15.3 |
17.1 |
20.4 |
27.4 |
32.0 |
40.8 |
47.2 |
51.2 |
57.4 |
|
60 |
7.5 |
9.0 |
10.2 |
11.5 |
12.9 |
14.0 |
16.0 |
18.7 |
20.8 |
24.8 |
33.5 |
41.4 |
49.8 |
57.6 |
62.5 |
70.0 |
|
80 |
10.3 |
12.4 |
14.0 |
18.8 |
17.8 |
19.2 |
22.1 |
25.7 |
28.7 |
34.2 |
46.1 |
57.1 |
68.6 |
79.3 |
86.0 |
96.4 |
|
100 |
13.4 |
16.0 |
18.1 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
28.4 |
28.5 |
33.2 |
37.0 |
44.2 |
59.5 |
73.6 |
88.4 |
102.3 |
110.9 |
124.3 |
|
120 |
16.5 |
19.8 |
22.4 |
25.2 |
28.4 |
30.7 |
35.2 |
41.1 |
45.8 |
56.4 |
73.6 |
91.1 |
109.4 |
126.5 |
137.2 |
153.8 |
|
140 |
19.9 |
23.8 |
26.8 |
30.3 |
34.1 |
36.9 |
42.4 |
49.4 |
55.0 |
65.7 |
88.5 |
109.5 |
131.5 |
152.0 |
164.9 |
184.7 |
|
160 |
23.4 |
28.0 |
31.6 |
35.7 |
40.2 |
43.4 |
49.8 |
58.1 |
64.7 |
77.3 |
104.0 |
128.8 |
154.6 |
178.8 |
193.9 |
217.2 |
|
180 |
27.1 |
32.4 |
36.6 |
41.3 |
46.5 |
50.3 |
57.7 |
67.3 |
74.9 |
89.4 |
120.4 |
149.0 |
178.9 |
206.8 |
224.2 |
251.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
20 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
6.8 |
9.0 |
11.1 |
13.3 |
15.3 |
16.6 |
18.6 |
30 |
3.3 |
3.9 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
6.8 |
7.9 |
8.7 |
10.4 |
13.8 |
17.0 |
20.3 |
23.4 |
25.6 |
28.4 |
|
40 |
4.5 |
5.3 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.5 |
8.1 |
9.2 |
10.7 |
11.8 |
14.1 |
18.7 |
23.0 |
27.5 |
31.8 |
34.4 |
38.5 |
|
50 |
5.7 |
6.8 |
7.6 |
8.5 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
11.7 |
13.6 |
15.1 |
17.9 |
23.8 |
29.3 |
35.0 |
40.4 |
43.7 |
49.0 |
|
60 |
7.0 |
8.3 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
11.6 |
12.5 |
14.3 |
16.6 |
18.4 |
21.8 |
29.0 |
35.7 |
42.7 |
49.3 |
53.4 |
59.7 |
|
80 |
9.6 |
11.4 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
16.1 |
17.3 |
19.7 |
22.8 |
25.3 |
30.1 |
40.0 |
49.2 |
58.9 |
67.9 |
73.5 |
82.3 |
|
100 |
12.4 |
14.7 |
16.5 |
18.5 |
20.7 |
22.3 |
25.4 |
29.5 |
32.7 |
38.8 |
51.6 |
63.5 |
75.9 |
87.6 |
94.8 |
106.1 |
|
120 |
15.3 |
18.2 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
25.6 |
27.6 |
31.5 |
36.5 |
40.4 |
48.0 |
63.9 |
78.6 |
94.0 |
108.3 |
117.3 |
131.2 |
|
140 |
18.5 |
21.9 |
24.6 |
27.6 |
30.8 |
33.2 |
37.8 |
43.8 |
48.6 |
57.7 |
76.7 |
94.4 |
112.9 |
130.2 |
141.0 |
157.7 |
|
160 |
21.7 |
25.7 |
28.9 |
32.4 |
36.3 |
39.1 |
44.5 |
51.6 |
57.2 |
67.9 |
90.3 |
111.1 |
132.8 |
153.1 |
165.8 |
185.4 |
|
180 |
25.1 |
29.8 |
33.5 |
37.5 |
42.0 |
45.2 |
51.5 |
59.7 |
66.1 |
78.5 |
104.5 |
128.5 |
153.6 |
172.1 |
191.7 |
214.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
20 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.6 |
7.3 |
8.9 |
10.5 |
12.1 |
13.0 |
14.6 |
30 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.8 |
5.1 |
5.7 |
6.6 |
7.3 |
8.5 |
11.1 |
13.5 |
16.1 |
18.4 |
19.9 |
22.2 |
|
40 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
6.5 |
6.9 |
7.8 |
8.9 |
9.8 |
11.5 |
15.1 |
18.4 |
21.8 |
25.0 |
27.0 |
30.1 |
|
60 |
6.3 |
7.3 |
8.1 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
10.7 |
12.1 |
13.9 |
15.3 |
17.9 |
23.4 |
28.5 |
33.8 |
38.8 |
41.9 |
46.8 |
|
80 |
8.6 |
10.1 |
11.2 |
12.5 |
13.8 |
14.8 |
16.7 |
19.1 |
21.0 |
24.7 |
32.3 |
39.3 |
46.6 |
53.5 |
57.8 |
64.4 |
|
100 |
11.1 |
13.0 |
14.5 |
16.1 |
17.8 |
19.1 |
21.5 |
24.7 |
27.2 |
31.8 |
41.6 |
50.7 |
60.2 |
69.0 |
74.5 |
93.1 |
|
120 |
13.8 |
16.1 |
17.9 |
19.9 |
22.0 |
23.6 |
26.6 |
30.5 |
33.6 |
39.4 |
51.5 |
62.7 |
74.4 |
85.4 |
92.2 |
102.8 |
|
140 |
16.5 |
19.3 |
21.5 |
23.9 |
26.5 |
28.4 |
32.0 |
36.7 |
40.4 |
47.4 |
61.9 |
75.4 |
89.5 |
102.6 |
110.8 |
123.5 |
|
160 |
19.5 |
22.8 |
25.3 |
28.1 |
31.2 |
33.4 |
37.2 |
43.2 |
47.5 |
55.7 |
72.9 |
88.7 |
105.2 |
120.7 |
130.3 |
145.2 |
|
180 |
22.5 |
26.3 |
29.3 |
32.6 |
36.1 |
38.6 |
43.6 |
50.0 |
55.0 |
64.5 |
84.3 |
102.6 |
121.7 |
139.6 |
150.7 |
160.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
20 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
6.6 |
7.9 |
9.4 |
10.7 |
11.5 |
12.8 |
30 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
4.5 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
7.8 |
10.0 |
12.1 |
14.3 |
16.3 |
17.6 |
19.5 |
|
40 |
3.9 |
4.6 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
13.6 |
16.5 |
19.4 |
22.1 |
23.8 |
26.5 |
|
60 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
9.5 |
10.1 |
11.3 |
12.9 |
14.1 |
16.4 |
21.2 |
25.5 |
30.1 |
34.3 |
37.0 |
41.1 |
|
80 |
8.4 |
9.8 |
10.8 |
11.9 |
13.1 |
14.0 |
15.6 |
17.8 |
19.5 |
22.6 |
29.1 |
35.2 |
41.5 |
47.3 |
51.0 |
56.6 |
|
100 |
10.9 |
12.6 |
13.9 |
15.4 |
16.9 |
18.0 |
20.2 |
22.9 |
25.1 |
29.2 |
37.6 |
45.4 |
53.5 |
61.0 |
65.8 |
73.1 |
|
120 |
13.4 |
15.6 |
17.2 |
19.0 |
20.9 |
22.3 |
25.0 |
28.4 |
31.1 |
36.1 |
46.5 |
56.2 |
66.2 |
75.5 |
81.4 |
90.4 |
|
140 |
16.2 |
18.7 |
20.7 |
22.2 |
25.2 |
26.8 |
30.0 |
34.1 |
37.3 |
43.4 |
55.9 |
67.5 |
79.5 |
90.8 |
97.8 |
108.6 |
|
160 |
19.0 |
22.0 |
24.4 |
26.9 |
29.6 |
31.6 |
35.3 |
40.1 |
43.9 |
51.0 |
65.8 |
79.4 |
93.6 |
106.8 |
115.0 |
127.8 |
|
180 |
22.0 |
25.5 |
28.2 |
31.1 |
34.3 |
36.5 |
40.9 |
46.5 |
50.8 |
59.1 |
70.2 |
91.9 |
108.3 |
123.5 |
133.1 |
147.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
20 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9.3 |
30 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
7.7 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
12.0 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
|
40 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
4.3 |
4.7 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
10.4 |
12.4 |
14.4 |
16.3 |
17.4 |
19.3 |
|
60 |
5.4 |
6.1 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
11.3 |
12.9 |
16.2 |
19.2 |
22.4 |
25.3 |
27.1 |
29.9 |
|
80 |
7.4 |
8.4 |
9.2 |
10.0 |
10.9 |
11.6 |
12.8 |
14.3 |
15.5 |
17.8 |
22.3 |
26.5 |
30.8 |
34.8 |
37.3 |
41.2 |
|
100 |
9.5 |
10.9 |
11.9 |
13.0 |
14.1 |
14.9 |
16.5 |
18.5 |
20.1 |
22.9 |
28.8 |
34.2 |
39.7 |
44.9 |
48.1 |
53.1 |
|
120 |
11.8 |
13.5 |
14.7 |
16.0 |
17.5 |
18.5 |
20.4 |
22.9 |
24.8 |
28.4 |
35.7 |
42.3 |
49.2 |
55.6 |
59.5 |
65.7 |
|
140 |
14.2 |
16.2 |
17.7 |
19.3 |
21.0 |
22.2 |
24.6 |
27.5 |
29.8 |
34.1 |
42.9 |
50.9 |
59.1 |
66.8 |
71.6 |
79.0 |
|
160 |
16.7 |
19.0 |
20.8 |
22.7 |
24.7 |
26.2 |
28.9 |
32.4 |
35.1 |
40.1 |
50.5 |
59.8 |
69.5 |
78.8 |
84.2 |
92.9 |
|
180 |
19.3 |
22.0 |
24.1 |
26.3 |
28.6 |
30.3 |
33.5 |
37.5 |
40.6 |
46.4 |
58.4 |
69.2 |
80.5 |
90.9 |
97.4 |
107.5 |